Food for Russian soldiers includes bread, soup: Red Army rations varied from adequate to nonexistent depending on the supply situation. The food shortage has been worsened by drought and flooding, likely exacerbated by climate change. Preceded by an inadequate bombardment, hampered by a disastrously low tide, and lacking sufficient tracked vehicles to negotiate Betio’s wide reef, Marines were shot down by the hundreds as they waded toward the heavily defended landing beaches. U.S. Marines would become accustomed to such tenacity in their march through the central Pacific. The two formations were the Northern Army Group (NORTHAG) and the Central Army Group (CENTAG). People there became very familiar with northern Syria’s back roads as they drove the seeds out of the country. Olmsted’s vision of city parks being sanctuaries from the clamor and grit of urban life is played out as you travel the 7-mile-long (11-kilometer-long) series of meadows, marshlands and roadways. The Gustav Line was a series of concrete bunkers and artillery positions on the rocky faces of mountains fronted by a no-man’s-land of barbed wire and land mines. The Gustav Line was the most formidable of four lines of defense that extended across the Italian peninsula. In 2011, a tower defense mobile game titled Army of Darkness: Defense, developed by Backflip Studios and published by MGM Interactive, was released for iOS and Android.

Evacuation: The Army was in charge of actual evacuations in advance of bombing attacks, but OCD volunteers were available to help move people to safety. 15 noted atomic scientists to New Mexico to help build the bomb. November 25: The Allies bomb Japanese positions in Rangoon, Burma. Editorial, Reuters (17 November 2009). “EU to provide 100 troops for training Somali force”. The conquest of Tarawa is just one of the history-making World War II events of November 1943. War highlights from late November-early December 1943 are included in the following timeline. The Romans in the mature Republic were already known in the Mediterranean world as perfect soldiers. Ms. Amin is an Attorney at Law, providing exceptional legal services with excellent results for clients throughout California and around the world. Civil Services is the top-most career choice of the youth of India, these days. The Fourth Marine Division seized Roi-Namur in two days, and the Seventh Infantry Division took Kwajalein in four days. The U.S. assaults on Kwajalein and nearby Roi-Namur, deep in the Marshall Islands chain, in February 1944 surprised the Japanese, who had committed more defensive effort to the outermost islands.

U.S. seizes Kwajalein, Roi-Namur in the Pacific: Hit by antiaircraft fire, a Japanese torpedo bomber explodes during an attack off Kwajalein Island. Japanese troops choose suicide over surrender: Trapped in their bunker on Tarawa, two Japanese Special Naval Landing Force troops chose suicide over surrender. German troops, however, stubbornly contested the Salerno landing and every inch of the Allied advance. Before the second landing at Salerno on September 9, the troops learned that Italy had surrendered. The DeLisle promptly strikes another mine, sending the British back into the Atlantic, where they are miraculously rescued for a second time. British and Canadian troops invaded Italy on September 3 with little opposition. The fighting in Sicily had not yet started when discussions were renewed about Italy. But Clark and other Allied commanders failed to grasp Hitler’s determination not to lose Italy. U.S. Army General Mark Wayne Clark fights the Nazis in Italy: Capable but overly confident, General Mark Wayne Clark was appointed commander of the U.S. Germans fight on in Italy: Since the Casablanca Conference in January 1943, Churchill pushed for the invasion of Italy, the “soft underbelly of Europe.” Roosevelt and his military advisers believed such an invasion would be an unwise distraction from preparation for the invasion of France.

The Germans not only invaded Soviet territory, but the SS and Wehrmacht committed a litany of atrocities against those who Nazi leadership called Soviet Untermenschen (sub-humans). Considering Nazi Germany’s aggression toward the Soviet Union, it is not surprising that the Soviets treated German POWs without mercy. Several million more had already been transported to the Soviet Union to join the several hundred thousand German POWs captured earlier in the war. Japanese rear admiral Shibasaki Keiji boasted that “a million Americans couldn’t take Tarawa in a hundred years.” Defenses included barbed wire, mines, tetrahedrons, nearly 500 pillboxes, light tanks, heavy machine guns, and eight-inch naval rifles. U.S. Admiral Raymond Spruance: low-key but successful: Admiral Raymond Spruance led Task Force 16 with its two aircraft carriers at Midway in June 1942, playing a key role in that decisive engagement. He also commanded the force that defeated the Japanese carrier fleet in the Battle of the Philippine Sea in June 1944. Spruance succeeded Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz as commander of the Pacific Fleet in late 1945. Described by historian Samuel Eliot Morison as “one of the greatest fighting and thinking admirals in American naval history,” Spruance shunned publicity and never received much popular acclaim.